Andrew Whitehouse

The development of the picture superiority effect

When pictures and words are presented serially in an explicit memory task, recall of the pictures is superior.

Inner speech impairments in autism

Three experiments investigated the role of inner speech deficit in cognitive performances of children with autism.

The unmet clinical needs of children with developmental coordination disorder

The aim of this study was to understand the challenges experienced by families obtaining a diagnosis and therapy for developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Parents of 435 children aged 4-18 years with persistent motor difficulties consistent with a diagnosis of DCD completed an online survey. Diagnostic timeline and diagnostic label/s received were examined, along with therapies accessed.

Functioning, participation, and quality of life in children with intellectual disability: an observational study

To investigate associations between functioning, community participation, and quality of life (QoL) and identify whether participation mediates the effects of functioning on QoL.

Temperament in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A systematic review

The study of temperament in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has the potential to provide insight regarding variability in the onset, nature, and course of both core and co-morbid symptoms. The aim of this systematic review was to integrate existing findings concerning temperament in the context of ASD. Searches of Medline, PsychInfo and Scopus databases identified 64 relevant studies. As a group, children and adolescents with ASD appear to be temperamentally different from both typically developing and other clinical non-ASD groups, characterized by higher negative affectivity, lower surgency, and lower effortful control at a higher-order level.

Performance of the Autism Observation Scale for Infants with community-ascertained infants showing early signs of autism

We investigated whether a commonly used research assessment - the Autism Observation Scale for Infants (AOSI) - accurately measures autism behaviours among infants showing early signs of autism identified within the community. The AOSI is often included in studies tracking the development of infants at increased likelihood of autism, such as the infant siblings of diagnosed children. However, the suitability of this measure has not previously been tested with community-referred infants.

Analysis of common genetic variation and rare CNVs in the Australian Autism Biobank

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition whose biological basis is yet to be elucidated. The Australian Autism Biobank (AAB) is an initiative of the Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC) to establish an Australian resource of biospecimens, phenotypes and genomic data for research on autism.

Mental health difficulties among trans and gender diverse young people with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD): Findings from Trans Pathways

Recent research highlights an overlap of gender diversity and autism spectrum disorders (ASD); however, data on individuals who are trans and also on the autism spectrum are largely from clinical samples and may not be representative of individuals who are trans with ASD in the general population. In addition, there is scant literature on the mental health of these individuals and their experiences in accessing gender-affirming care.

A Survey of Autistic Adults from New Zealand on the Autism Diagnostic Process During Adolescence and Adulthood

The diagnostic experiences of autistic adults in New Zealand have not been investigated and little is known globally about autistic adults' satisfaction with the autism diagnostic process. This study describes the diagnostic experiences of 70 autistic adults living in New Zealand and explores how these experiences are related to satisfaction during three stages of the diagnostic process. The results show that autistic adults were reasonably satisfied with the early query and diagnostic assessment stages, but were dissatisfied with the post-diagnostic support stage, with significant unmet needs. Dissatisfaction during the post-diagnostic support stage was also related to satisfaction during previous stages and poor coordination of supports. Suggestions are made on how to improve the autism diagnostic pathway for autistic adults in New Zealand.

Delayed cortical processing of auditory stimuli in children with autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis of electrophysiological studies

Several researchers have hypothesised that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) show encoding delays in their obligatory event-related potentials (ERPs)/ event-related fields (ERFs) for low-level auditory information compared to neurotypical (NT) samples. However, empirical research has yielded varied findings, such as low-level auditory processing in ASD samples being unimpaired, superior, or impaired compared to NT samples. Diverse outcomes have also been reported for studies investigating ASD-NT differences in functional lateralisation of delays.

Comorbidities and quality of life in children with intellectual disability

Many children with intellectual disability live with medical comorbidities. This study examined the impacts of comorbidities on quality of life (QOL) of children with intellectual disabilities and whether impacts varied with caregiver perceptions that medical needs had been met.

The course and prognostic capability of motor difficulties in infants showing early signs of autism

Delays within the motor domain are often overlooked as an early surveillance marker for autism. The present study evaluated motor difficulties and its potential as an early predictive marker for later autism likelihood in a cohort of infants showing early behavioral signs of autism aged 9-14 months. The motor domain was evaluated using the motor subscales of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning at baseline, and at a 6-month follow-up.

An investigation of adherence to best practice guidelines for autism diagnosis in New Zealand

Many clinicians in New Zealand do not follow guidelines for best practice in autism diagnosis. In this study, we investigated the processes that health professionals in New Zealand follow when diagnosing autistic children and adults. We asked 117 health professionals from a range of services and regions in New Zealand, how they identify and diagnose autism.

The effect of functioning on Quality of Life Inventory-Disability measured quality of life is not mediated or moderated by parental psychological distress

The measurement of quality of life (QOL) in children with intellectual disability often relies upon proxy report via caregivers. The current study investigated whether caregiver psychological distress mediates or moderates the effects of impairment on their ratings of QOL in children with intellectual disability.

The Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI): development and validation of a new measure of autistic traits in the general population

Traits and characteristics qualitatively similar to those seen in diagnosed autism spectrum disorder can be found to varying degrees in the general population. To measure these traits and facilitate their use in autism research, several questionnaires have been developed that provide broad measures of autistic traits [e.g. Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ)]. However, since their development, our understanding of autism has grown considerably, and it is arguable that existing measures do not provide an ideal representation of the trait dimensions currently associated with autism. Our aim was to create a new measure of autistic traits that reflects our current understanding of autism, the Comprehensive Autism Trait Inventory (CATI).

The associations between autistic and communication traits in parents and developmental outcomes in children at familial risk of autism at 6 and 24 months of age

Several studies have explored relationships between parent broader autism phenotype and offspring communication, and have reported that autistic-like traits in parents are related to offspring communication difficulties and autism severity. However, past research has focused on studying such associations in childhood and we know very little about them in infancy. With accumulating evidence that interventions administered during infancy may be most effective in reducing ASD symptoms, it is imperative to examine whether relationships between parent autistic-like traits and child communication appear even earlier during this critical period of life.

Genetic association study of childhood aggression across raters, instruments, and age

Childhood aggressive behavior (AGG) has a substantial heritability of around 50%. Here we present a genome-wide association meta-analysis (GWAMA) of childhood AGG, in which all phenotype measures across childhood ages from multiple assessors were included. We analyzed phenotype assessments for a total of 328 935 observations from 87 485 children aged between 1.5 and 18 years, while accounting for sample overlap.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in autism spectrum disorder: Protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial

There are no well-established biomedical treatments for the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A small number of studies suggest that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, may improve clinical and cognitive outcomes in ASD.

The effects of JASPER intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review

Naturalistic developmental behavioural interventions are promising approaches for young children with, or suspected of having, autism spectrum disorder. Joint attention, symbolic play, engagement and regulation intervention (JASPER) is a well-researched naturalistic developmental behavioural intervention but, to date, no reviews have specifically evaluated its effects.

Prenatal Exposure to General Anesthesia and Childhood Behavioral Deficit

Exposure to surgery and anesthesia in early childhood has been found to be associated with an increased risk of behavioral deficits. While the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has warned against prenatal exposure to anesthetic drugs, little clinical evidence exists to support this recommendation.

Genetic counseling as preventive intervention: toward individual specification of transgenerational autism risk

Although autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are among the most heritable of all neuropsychiatric syndromes, most affected children are born to unaffected parents. Recently, we reported an average increase of 3-5% over general population risk of ASD among offspring of adults who have first-degree relatives with ASD in a large epidemiologic family sample.

Effect of Preemptive Intervention on Developmental Outcomes Among Infants Showing Early Signs of Autism: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Outcomes to Diagnosis

Intervention for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) typically commences after diagnosis. No trial of an intervention administered to infants before diagnosis has shown an effect on diagnostic outcomes to date.

Do sex hormones at birth predict later-life economic preferences? Evidence from a pregnancy birth cohort study: Hormones at birth and preferences

Economic preferences may be shaped by exposure to sex hormones around birth. Prior studies of economic preferences and numerous other phenotypic characteristics use digit ratios (2D : 4D), a purported proxy for prenatal testosterone exposure, whose validity has recently been questioned. We use direct measures of neonatal sex hormones (testosterone and oestrogen), measured from umbilical cord blood (n = 200) to investigate their association with later-life economic preferences (risk preferences, competitiveness, time preferences and social preferences) in an Australian cohort (Raine Study Gen2).

Subgroups of Temperament Associated with Social-Emotional Difficulties in Infants with Early Signs of Autism

Links between temperament and social-emotional difficulties are well-established in normative child development but remain poorly characterized in autism. We sought to characterize distinct temperament subgroups and their associations with concurrent internalizing and externalizing symptoms in a sample of 103 infants showing early signs of autism.

Developmental vitamin D deficiency increases foetal exposure to testosterone

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders which are more common in males. The 'prenatal sex steroid' hypothesis links excessive sex-steroid exposure during foetal life with the behavioural differences observed in ASD. However, the reason why sex steroid exposure may be excessive remains unclear. Epidemiological studies have identified several environmental risk factors associated with ASD, including developmental vitamin D (DVD) deficiency.

Early Intervention Delivery Methods for New Zealand Children with Autism: Current Practices Versus Parental Preferences

Little is known about parent preferences regarding delivery methods of early interventions. This research examined, through parent report, the current and preferred delivery methods of seven common educational early interventions accessed by New Zealand children with autism spectrum disorder.

Investigating associations between birth order and autism diagnostic phenotypes

Birth order effects have been linked to variability in intelligence, educational attainment and sexual orientation. First- and later-born children have been linked to an increased likelihood of an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis, with a smaller body of evidence implicating decreases in cognitive functioning with increased birth order. The present study investigated the potential association between birth order and ASD diagnostic phenotypes in a large and representative population sample.

Difficulties in developmental follow-up of preterm neonates in a randomised-controlled trial

Probiotics may be neuroprotective for preterm neonates due to their anti-inflammatory effects and ability to facilitate nutrition. AIM: To assess long-term effects of early probiotic supplementation on neuropsychological development in preterm infants

A preliminary investigation of the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on facial morphology in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

While early exposure to alcohol may influence the development of facial structures, it does not appear to be associated with ASD phenotypic variability

Prevalence of Motor Difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Analysis of a Population-Based Cohort

In this population-based cohort that included 2,084 children with autism aged ≤6 years, over one-third met the criteria for motor difficulties

Examining parent use of specific intervention techniques during a 12-week training program based on the Early Start Denver Model

This study included five mothers of young children with autism who participated in a 12-week parent training program based on the Early Start Denver Model

The misnomer of ‘high functioning autism’: Intelligence is an imprecise predictor of functional abilities at diagnosis

We argue that 'high functioning autism' is an inaccurate clinical descriptor when based solely on intelligence quotient demarcations

A broad autism phenotype expressed in facial morphology

These data provide the first evidence for a broad autism phenotype expressed in a physical characteristic

Characterizing the interplay between autism spectrum disorder and comorbid medical conditions: An integrative review

We review medical conditions that have been repeatedly highlighted as sharing the strongest associations with ASD-epilepsy, sleep, as well as gastrointestinal and immune functioning

Maternal pre-pregnancy weight and autistic-like traits among offspring in the general population

This study provides further evidence that maternal pre-pregnancy obesity is associated with autism-like behaviors in offspring

Parent-observed thematic data on quality of life in children with autism spectrum disorder

Parent observations provide an initial framework for understanding quality of life in autism spectrum disorder

Atypical nested 22q11.2 duplications are associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes including autism spectrum disorder with incomplete penetrance

Our findings contribute to the genotype–phenotype data for atypical nested 22q11.2 duplications, with implications for genetic counseling

The Brain Basis of Comorbidity in Neurodevelopmental Disorders

This review discusses early brain development and the etiological factors that may give rise to atypical developmental trajectories, along with neuroimaging insights

Brief social attention bias modification for children with autism spectrum disorder

Social attention can be acutely modified in children with ASD, with an increased tendency to orient attention toward faces after brief social attention training

Psychometric properties of the Quality of Life Inventory-Disability (QI-Disability) measure

Initial evaluation suggests that QI-Disability is a reliable and valid measure of quality of life across the spectrum of intellectual disability

Developmental vitamin D deficiency produces behavioral phenotypes of relevance to Autism in an animal model

Here we investigate these features in an animal model related to autism spectrum disorder - the DVD-deficient rat

Parental experiences using the Therapy Outcomes by You (TOBY) application to deliver early intervention to their child with autism

Parental experience of TOBY was positive when use of the application aligned with parental proficiency, opportunities for use, and importantly, the needs of the child

Gaps in Current Autism Research: The Thoughts of the Autism Research Editorial Board and Associate Editors

Mini‐commentaries on what they considered to be the current gaps in research on autism spectrum disorder

Sleep problems and anxiety from 2 to 8 years and the influence of autistic traits: a longitudinal study

Anxiety and sleep problems may be an early indicator of autism in young children and early autistic traits may also contribute to anxiety problems later in childhood

Pre-emptive intervention versus treatment as usual for infants showing early behavioural risk signs of autism spectrum disorder

A pre-emptive intervention for the autism spectrum disorder prodrome had no immediate treatment effect on early autism spectrum disorder symptoms

Mental Health Correlates of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Gender Diverse Young People: Evidence from a Specialised Child and Adolescent Gender Clinic in Australia

Current findings indicate that gender diverse children and adolescents with indicated ASD comprise an especially vulnerable group at risk of mental health difficulties

Content validation of the Quality of Life Inventory—Disability

Satisfactory content validity is reported, where ongoing consumer feedback shaped the dataset from which the final items were selected

Effect of Fluoxetine on Obsessive-Compulsive Behaviors in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Treatment with fluoxetine compared with placebo resulted in significantly lower scores for obsessive-compulsive behaviors at 16 weeks

An integrative analysis of non-coding regulatory DNA variations associated with autism spectrum disorder

Overall, we found that the regulatory variants in autism spectrum disorder cases were enriched in ASD-risk genes and genes involved in fetal neurodevelopment

Does perinatal exposure to exogenous oxytocin influence child behavioural problems and autistic-like behaviours to 20 years of age

This study is the first to investigate longitudinal mental health outcomes associated with the use of oxytocin-based medications during labour

Predicting language difficulties in middle childhood from early developmental milestones: A comparison of traditional regression and machine learning techniques

The current study provides preliminary evidence that machine learning algorithms provide equivalent predictive accuracy to traditional methods for language difficulties in middle childhood

Social impairments in autism spectrum disorder are related to maternal immune history profile

this study is the first to show an association between immune activation history in the mother and increased ASD symptom severity in children with ASD

Study protocol for the Australian autism biobank: an international resource to advance autism discovery research

The Australian Autism Biobank was initiated to establish a large-scale repository of biological samples and detailed clinical information about children diagnosed with ASD

Does otitis media in early childhood affect later behavioural development? Results from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study

The relationship between early life episodes of otitis media and later behavioural development with adjustment for confounders.

No relationship between autistic traits and salivary testosterone concentrations in men from the general population

The current data add to the increasing evidence for the lack of relationship between autistic traits and postnatal levels of testosterone in men

Vitamin D is crucial for maternal care and offspring social behaviour in rats

These data highlight that early life levels of vitamin D are an important consideration for maternal behavioural adaptations as well as offspring neuropsychiatry

A prospective study of fetal head growth, autistic traits and autism spectrum disorder

This large population-based study identified no consistent association across two cohorts between prenatal head growth and postnatal autistic traits

The prevalence of mental health disorders and symptoms in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mental health conditions and problems are often reported in children and adolescents with CP. A systematic review was undertaken to describe their prevalence.

A national guideline for the assessment and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in Australia

The Guideline aims to create greater consistency in diagnostic practices across the country to ensure individuals on the autism spectrum can receive the optimal care

Evidence of a reduction over time in the behavioral severity of autistic disorder diagnoses

This study provides the first clear evidence of a reduction over time in the behavioral severity of individuals diagnosed with Autistic Disorder during a period of stability in diagnostic criteria

Evidence of a reduction over time in the behavioral severity of autistic disorder diagnoses

We examined whether there were changes over time in the qualitative and quantitative phenotype of individuals who received the diagnosis of Autistic Disorder.

Beyond the hype and hope: Critical considerations for intranasal oxytocin research in autism spectrum disorder

In this review, we comprehensively evaluate the rationale for oxytocin as a therapeutic, evaluating evidence from various various sources.

Protective benefit of predominant breastfeeding against otitis media may be limited to early childhood: results from a prospective birth cohort study

Our findings are in line with a number of epidemiological studies which show a positive association between breastfeeding and OM in early childhood

Qualitative Analysis of Parental Observations on Quality of Life in Australian Children with Down Syndrome

We investigated parental observations to identify QOL domains in children with Down Syndrome and determined whether domains differed between children and teens.

Umbilical cord androgens and estrogens in relation to verbal and nonverbal abilities at age 10 in the general population

These data suggest that late gestation sex steroids do not exert a major effect on nonverbal and verbal abilities in middle childhood.

A Relationship Between Early Language Skills and Adult Autistic-Like Traits: Evidence from a Longitudinal Population-Based Study

This is the first study to show an association between early language ability and autistic-like traits in adulthood

Brief Report: An Exploratory Study of the Diagnostic Reliability for Autism Spectrum Disorder

We conducted a study that examined the concordance of diagnoses between a multidisciplinary assessment team and a range of clinicians in Australia.

Late talkers and later language outcomes: Predicting the different language trajectories

The aim of the current study was to investigate the risk factors present at 2 years for children who showed language difficulties that persisted

Relationship between early motor milestones and severity of restricted and repetitive behaviors in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

This study provides the first evidence for the association between restricted and repetitive behaviors and age of attainment of early motor milestones.

Elizabeth Usher Memorial Lecture: Rethinking the clinical pathway for autism spectrum disorder and challenging the status quo

The aim of the paper is to outline the future of early identification and intervention of ASD and the research goals to be addressed to achieve this vision.

Acoustic Properties of Cries in 12-Month Old Infants at High-Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder

There is preliminary evidence that infant siblings of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder have an atypical pattern of crying

Latent Class Analysis of Neurodevelopmental Deficit After Exposure to Anesthesia in Early Childhood

Some studies suggest an association between early exposure to anesthesia, surgery and long term developmental deficit, clinical phenotype of children is unknown

Investigating facial phenotype in autism spectrum conditions: The importance of a hypothesis driven approach

The identification of differences in the facial phenotype of individuals with ASC may contribute to efforts to promote early identification of the condition and help elucidate etiological pathways.

Hypermasculinised facial morphology in boys and girls with Autism Spectrum Disorder and its association with symptomatology

This is the first study demonstrating facial hypermasculinisation in ASD and its relationship to social-communication difficulties in prepubescent children

A randomised controlled trial of an iPad-based application to complement early behavioural intervention in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Technology-based interventions may provide a relatively low-cost addition to existing therapist-delivered interventions for children with ASD

Duration of general anaesthetic exposure in early childhood and long-term language and cognitive ability

Anaesthetic dose causing toxicity in animals has been evaluated, but the relationship between duration of VA exposure and development in children remains vague.

Prenatal maternal stress events and phenotypic outcomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder

ASD, in the context of prenatal maternal stress exposure, may be associated with a more severe phenotype, particularly when there are multiple prenatal exposures

Exploring quality of life of children with cerebral palsy and intellectual disability: What are the important domains of life?

An estimated half of all children with cerebral palsy also have comorbid intellectual disability, the domains of QOL for these children are not well understood

Cytokine levels and associations with symptom severity in male and female children with autism spectrum disorder

ASD's are complex, pervasive and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions with varying conditions, trajectories, significant male bias and unknown etiology.

Commentary: Are we expecting too much from the extreme male brain theory of autism? A reflection on Kung et al. (2016)

This commentary highlights inconsistent findings that undermine the extreme male brain theory autism but data may not present an adequate test of the hypothesis

Obesity and associated factors in youth with an autism spectrum disorder

Prevalence of overweight/obesity in children and youth with autism spectrum disorder, and associations between weight status and range of factors

Randomised controlled trial of an iPad based early intervention for autism: TOBY playpad study protocol

This trial will determine the effectiveness of the TOBY App as a therapeutic complement to other early interventions children with ASD receive

A Genome-Wide Association Meta-Analysis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Population-Based Pediatric Cohorts

The SNP-based heritability for ADHD symptom scores indicates a polygenic architecture, and genes involved in neurite outgrowth are possibly involved

Diagnostic evaluation for autism spectrum disorder: A survey of health professionals in Australia

Reported practice of some professionals in Australia may not be consistent with international best practice guidelines for ASD diagnosis

Mothers of Children with Autism have Different Rates of Cancer According to the Presence of Intellectual Disability in Their Child

Mothers of children with autism without ID had increased risk of cancer, which may relate to common genetic pathways

Autism Spectrum Disorder, Language Disorder, and Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder: Overlaps, Distinguishing Features, and Clinical Implications

Strictly defined cases of social (pragmatic) communication disorder and specific language impairment can be distinguished from autism spectrum disorder

A genome-wide approach to children's aggressive behavior: The EAGLE consortium

Common variants at 2p12 show suggestive evidence for association with childhood aggression

CATALISE: A multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study. Identifying language impairments in children

Delayed or impaired language development is a common developmental concern, yet there is little agreement about the criteria used to identify and classify...

Short report: Relationship between restricted and repetitive behaviours in children with autism spectrum disorder and their parents

Restricted and repetitive behaviours constitute a core symptom domain of autism spectrum disorder

Conceptualizing a quality of life framework for girls with Rett syndrome using qualitative methods

Existing quality of life scales for children in the general population or with other disabilities did not capture the QOL of children with Rett syndrome

A Prospective Ultrasound Study of Prenatal Growth in Infant Siblings of Children With Autism

Identified no significant differences between the high- and low-risk fetuses in the rate of prenatal head and body growth throughout the 2nd and 3rd-trimester

Prenatal testosterone exposure is related to sexually dimorphic facial morphology in adulthood

Prenatal testosterone may have a powerful masculinizing effect on postnatal physical characteristics.

Perceived gender ratings for high and low scorers on the autism-spectrum quotient consistent with the extreme male brain account of autism

This study tested the 'Extreme Male Brain' theory & androgyny accounts of Autism spectrum disorder.

Evidence for shared deficits in identifying emotions from faces and from voices in autism spectrum disorders and specific language impairment

While autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and specific language impairment (SLI) have traditionally been conceptualized as distinct disorders, recent findings...

Impact of adolescent peer aggression on later educational and employment outcomes in an Australian cohort

This study used prospective birth cohort data to analyse the relationship between peer aggression at 14 years of age and educational and employment outcomes...

The perinatal androgen to estrogen ratio and autistic-like traits in the general population: a longitudinal pregnancy cohort study.

While previous studies have found a link between testosterone levels in amniotic fluid and autistic-like traits, a similar relationship has not been found...

Maternal vitamin D deficiency alters fetal brain development in the BALB/c mouse.

Prenatal exposure to vitamin D is thought to be critical for optimal fetal neurodevelopment, yet vitamin D deficiency is apparent in a growing proportion of...

TOBY play-pad application to teach children with ASD-A pilot trial.

To investigate use patterns and learning outcomes associated with the use of Therapy Outcomes By You (TOBY. Playpad, an early intervention iPad application.

A prospective ultrasound study of prenatal growth in infant siblings of children with autism

Numerous studies have observed that a proportion of infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience accelerated head growth...

Vitamin D in fetal development: Findings from a birth cohort study

Birth cohort studies provide an invaluable resource for studies of the influence of the fetal environment on health in later life.

Sexually dimorphic facial features vary according to level of autistic-like traits in the general population

The current data provide support for Bejerot et al.'s androgyny account since males and females with high levels of autistic-like traits generally showed...

Prevalence and risk factors for parent-reported recurrent otitis media during early childhood

The prevalence of parent-reported rOM was 26.8% (611/2280) and 5.5% (125/2280) for severe rOM in the Study.

Lack of replication for the myosin-18B association with mathematical ability in independent cohorts

Twin studies indicate that dyscalculia (or mathematical disability) is caused partly by a genetic component, which is yet to be understood at the molecular...

Adult digit ratio (2D:4D) is not related to umbilical cord androgen or estrogen concentrations, their ratios or net bioactivity

Ratio of second digit length to fourth digit length (2D:4D) has been extensively used in human and experimental research as a marker of fetal sex steroid...

Are there differences in the behavioural phenotypes of Autism Spectrum Disorder probands from simplex and multiplex families?

Behavioural differences in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder from simplex and multiplex families

MACROD2 gene associated with autistic-like traits in a general population sample

The MACROD2 gene is a strong positional candidate risk factor for autistic-like traits in the general population

The association between prenatal environment and children’s mental health trajectories from 2 to 14 years

This study aimed to elucidate how an adverse prenatal environment, as defined by the presence of a number of known prenatal risk factors, would influence...

Prevalence and risk factors for parent-reported recurrent otitis media during early childhood

The objective was to describe the prevalence and risk factors of recurrent otitis media (rOM) in an urban Australian population at 3 years of age.

Common variation near ROBO2 is associated with expressive vocabulary in infancy

In this paper we conduct a genome-wide screen and follow-up study of expressive vocabulary in toddlers of European descent from up to four studies of the...

Re-analysis of the association between perinatal androgens and postnatal head circumference growth

This paper is a correction of an earlier report that identified a link between exposure to high levels of testosterone during pregnancy and reduced head...

Perinatal testosterone exposure and cerebral lateralisation in adult males: Evidence for the callosal hypothesis

Two competing theories address the influence of foetal testosterone on cerebral laterality: one proposing exposure to high foetal testosterone concentrations...

No population bias to left-hemisphere language in 4-year-olds with language impairment

An apparent paradox in the field of neuropsychology is that people with atypical cerebral lateralization do not appear to suffer any cognitive disadvantage,...

Prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal risk factors for specific language impairment: A prospective pregnancy cohort study

Although genetic factors are known to play a causal role in specific language impairment (SLI), environmental factors may also be important. This study...

Is the broad autism phenotype in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder exacerbated by the challenges of caring for their children?

This qualitative study of parental interviews provided a preliminary examination of whether behaviours consistent with the BAP may have been exacerbated by...

Towards a molecular characterization of autism spectrum disorders: An exome sequencing and systems approach

This paper profiles the functional pattern of DNA variants found at a higher rate in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), X-linked intellectual...

Comparative analysis of outcome measures used in examining neurodevelopmental effects of early childhood anesthesia exposure

This paper reports on data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study to examine whether exposure to anesthetics in children younger than 3...

Measurement of androgen and estrogen concentrations in cord blood: Accuracy, biological interpretation, and applications to understanding human behavioral development

This review examines the accuracy and biological interpretation of the measurement of androgens and estrogens in cord blood. The use of cord blood hormones...

Vitamin D deficiency at 16 to 20 weeks' gestation is associated with impaired lung function and asthma at 6 years of age

This paper examines whether a Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy affects the child's lung function predisposition towards lung disease such as asthma.

Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and bone mass in offspring at 20 years of age: A prospective cohort study

This longitudinal, prospective study investigated the association between maternal vitamin D status and peak bone mass of offspring in 341 mother and...

Low maternal serum vitamin D during pregnancy and the risk for postpartum depression symptoms

Pregnancy is a time of vulnerability for vitamin D insufficiency, and there is an emerging literature associating low levels of 25(OH)-vitamin D with...

A Genome-wide Association Meta-analysis of Preschool Internalizing Problems

In this study, the influence of genome-wide measured single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was investigated in 3 cohorts (total N = 4,596 children) in which...

Moving beyond behaviour-only assessment: Incorporating biomarkers to improve the early detection and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders

This paper presents a response to the Camarata (2014) lead article regarding the accuracy and effectiveness of early identification and early intervention...

High use of complementary and alternative medication among children with autism is not associated with the severity of core symptoms

This study provided evidence for high rate of alternative medicine use in an Australian paediatric ASD population, similar to other countries.

Brief Report: Further Evidence for a Link Between Inner Speech Limitations and Executive Function in High-Functioning Children with Autism

This study investigated the involvement of inner speech limitations in the executive dysfunction associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).

Genome-wide association study of autistic-like traits in a general population study of young adults

Research has proposed that autistic-like traits in the general population lie on a continuum, with clinical ASD representing the extreme end of this...

A "bottom-up" approach to aetiological research in autism spectrum disorders

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are currently diagnosed in the presence of impairments in social interaction and communication, and a restricted range of...

Common variation contributes to the genetic architecture of social communication traits

Diet in the early years of life influences cognitive outcomes at 10 years: A prospective cohort study

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between diet during the first 3 years of life and cognitive outcomes at 10 years of age.

Autism spectrum disorder in children born preterm: Role of exposure to perinatal inflammation

This review aims to summarise and evaluate the potential mechanisms and evidence for the role of prenatal infection on the central nervous system, and how it...

Maternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy and offspring eating disorder risk in adolescence

This is the first study to link low gestational vitamin D to increased eating disorder risk in female offspring of Caucasian mothers.

Associations between Handedness and Cerebral Lateralisation for Language: A Comparison of Three Measures in Children

It has been suggested that quantitative measures of differential hand skill or reaching preference may provide more valid measures than traditional...

Complementary and alternative medicine for autism spectrum disorders: Rationale, safety and efficacy

There is insufficient evidence to draw conclusions on the efficacy of modified diets, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, immune therapy, and vitamin and fatty acid...

Evidence for Distinct Cognitive Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Specific Language Impairment

This finding supports distinct cognitive profiles in ASD and SLI and may provide further evidence for distinct aetiological mechanisms in the two conditions.

Brief Report: Do the Nature of Communication Impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorders Relate to the Broader Autism Phenotype in Parents?

This research explored the relationship between the broader autism phenotype (BAP) among parents, an index of genetic liability for ASD, and proband...

Hypertensive diseases of pregnancy predict parent-reported difficult temperament in infancy

These data suggest that the link between maternal hypertensive diseases of pregnancy and child behavioral development begins in the first year of life.

Delivery at 37 weeks' gestation is associated with a higher risk for child behavioural problems

We suggest that 37 weeks' gestation may not be the optimal cutoff for defining perinatal risk as it applies to behavioural development.

Is autism one or multiple disorders?

Elucidating the underlying nature of the disorder(s) is a crucial step towards tailoring intervention to the biological and cognitive makeup of each individual.

The association between perinatal testosterone concentration and early vocabulary development

Prenatal exposure to testosterone is known to affect fetal brain maturation and later neurocognitive function.

Adolescent peer aggression and its association with mental health and substance use in an Australian cohort

Prospective longitudinal birth cohort data was used to examine the association between peer aggression at 14yrs and mental health and substance use at 17yrs...

Fetal Testosterone, Socio-Emotional Engagement and Language Development

The present study investigated the relations among fetal testosterone, child socio-emotional engagement and language development...

Umbilical Cord Blood Testosterone and Childhood Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior: A Prospective Study

Antenatal testosterone exposure influences fetal neurodevelopment and gender-role behavior in postnatal life and may contribute to differences in...

Maternal Vitamin D Levels and the Autism Phenotype Among Offspring

We tested whether maternal vitamin D insufficiency during pregnancy is related to the autism phenotype.

Perinatal testosterone exposure and autistic-like traits in the general population: a longitudinal pregnancy-cohort study

Increased prenatal testosterone exposure has been hypothesized as a mechanism underlying autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

Androgen concentrations in umbilical cord blood and their association with maternal, fetal and obstetric factors

The aim of this study was to measure umbilical blood androgen concentrations in a birth cohort using a highly specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass...

Sex-specific associations between umbilical cord blood testosterone levels and language delay in early childhood

Preliminary evidence suggests that prenatal testosterone exposure may be associated with language delay.

Are Prenatal Ultrasound Scans Associated with the Autism Phenotype? Follow-up of a Randomised Controlled Trial

An existing randomised controlled trial was used to investigate whether multiple ultrasound scans may be associated with the autism phenotype.

Maternal serum vitamin D levels during pregnancy and offspring neurocognitive development

The objective was to determine the association between maternal serum 25(OH)-vitamin D concentrations and behavioural, emotional and language outcomes...

Do hypertensive diseases of pregnancy disrupt neurocognitive development in offspring?

The current study sought to determine whether gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia are associated with neurocognitive outcomes in middle childhood.

Maternal Serum Vitamin D Levels During Pregnancy and Offspring Neurocognitive Development

New research links poor language to lack of Vitamin D in womb.

Do Children with Specific Language Impairment have a Cognitive Profile Reminiscent of Autism? A Review of the Literature

This paper reviews relevant literature on whether individuals with SLI exhibit cognitive characteristics reminiscent of autism.

Sex-specific associations between umbilical cord blood testosterone levels and language delay in early childhood

Preliminary evidence suggests that prenatal testosterone exposure may be associated with language delay. However, no study has examined a large sample of...

Fetal head circumference growth in children with specific language impairment

The aim was to characterise fetal brain growth in children with specific language impairment (SLI). A nested case-control study was set in Perth, WA.

The Dyslexia Candidate Locus on 2p12 Is Associated with General Cognitive Ability and White Matter Structure

To further explore the effect of disorder-associated genes on cognitive functions, we investigated whether they play a role in broader cognitive traits.

Are autistic traits in the general population stable across development?

There is accumulating evidence that autistic traits (AT) are on a continuum in the general population.

Evaluating the twin testosterone transfer hypothesis: A review of the empirical evidence

In this paper we review the evidence that fetuses gestated with a male co-twin are masculinized in development, perhaps due to the influence of prenatal...

Do hypertensive diseases of pregnancy disrupt neurocognitive development in offspring?

Do hypertensive diseases of pregnancy disrupt neurocognitive development in offspring?

Where were those rabbits? A new paradigm to determine cerebral lateralisation of visuospatial memory function in children

In this study we devised a child-friendly version of a paradigm to assess lateralisation of visuospatial memory using functional transcranial Doppler...

Where were those rabbits? A new paradigm to determine cerebral lateralisation of visuospatial memory function in children

In the majority of people, functional differences are observed between the two cerebral hemispheres: language production is typically subserved by the left...

Are autistic traits in the general population stable across development?

The current investigation measured AT in 360 males and 400 males from the general population close to two decades apart, using the Pervasive Developmental...

Autistic-like traits in childhood predict later age at menarche in girls

We investigated the relationship between autistic-like traits in early childhood and age at menarche in typically developing girls.

Late-talking and risk for behavioral and emotional problems during childhood and adolescence

Although many toddlers with expressive vocabulary delay ("late talkers") present with age-appropriate language skills by the time they are of school age,...

Late-talking and risk for behavioural and emotional problems during childhood and adolescence

Although many toddlers with expressive vocabulary delay ("late talkers") present with age-appropriate language skills by the time they are of school age...

CNTNAP2 variants affect early language development in the general population

We tested the hypothesis that these CNTNAP2 variants affect communicative behavior, measured at 2 years of age in a large epidemiological sample...

No association between early gastrointestinal problems and autistic-like traits in the general population

No association between early gastrointestinal problems and autistic-like traits in the general population, determine whether gastrointestinal problems, early...

Autism and intellectual disability are differentially related to sociodemographic background at birth

We used population data on Western Australian singletons born from 1984 to 1999 (n = 398,353) to examine the sociodemographic characteristics of children...

Analysis of dyslexia candidate genes in the Raine cohort representing the general Australian population

We have conducted an association study in a novel sample derived from the Australian population to further investigate the role of dyslexia candidate genes.

Prenatal maternal stress associated with ADHD and autistic traits in early childhood

Research suggests that offspring of mothers who experience high levels of stress during pregnancy are more likely to have problems in neurobehavioral...

Duration of breast-feeding and language ability to middle childhood

There is controversy over whether increased breast-feeding duration has long-term benefits for language development.

Breastfeeding duration and academic achievement at ten years

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between duration of breastfeeding and educational outcomes.

A preliminary study of fetal head circumference growth in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Fetal head circumference (HC) growth was examined prospectively in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

The effects of breast-feeding duration on language ability to middle childhood

Modern societies are challenged by "wicked problems" - by definition, those that are difficult to define, multi-casual and hard to treat.

Narrowing the broader autism phenotype: A study using the Communication Checklist

This study investigated whether the Communication Checklist - Adult (CC-A) could identify subtypes of social and communication dysfunction in autism probands an

Is there a sex ratio difference in the familial aggregation of specific language impairment? A meta analysis

This meta-analysis examined whether there is a sex ratio difference in the risk for impairment among family members of an SLI proband

Maternal life events during pregnancy and offspring language ability in middle childhood

There is accumulating evidence for a link between maternal stress during pregnancy and later behavioural and emotional problems in children.

Cell phone use by adolescents with Asperger Syndrome

While young people have generally been at the forefront of the adoption and use of new communications technologies, little is known of uses by exceptional youth

Free testosterone levels in umbilical cord blood predict infant head circumference in girls

Fetal androgens influence fetal growth as well as postnatal neurocognitive ability.

Free testosterone levels in umbilical-cord blood predict infant head circumference in females

Fetal androgens influence fetal growth as well as postnatal neurocognitive ability

Unpacking the complex nature of the autism epidemic

This paper discusses changes in diagnostic criteria, decreasing age at diagnosis, improved case ascertainment, diagnostic substitution, and social influences.

Reliability of a novel paradigm for determining hemispheric lateralization of visuospatial function

In most individuals, language production and visuospatial skills are subserved predominantly by the left and right hemispheres, respectively.

No clear genetic influences on the association between dyslexia and anxiety in a population-based sample of female twins

Individuals with dyslexia are at an increased risk for anxiety disorders (e.g. generalized anxiety disorder, stress disorders, panic disorder).

Inner speech impairment in children with autism is associated with greater nonverbal than verbal skills

We present a new analysis of Whitehouse, Maybery, and Durkin's (2006, Experiment 3) data on inner speech in children with autism (CWA).

Adult psychosocial outcomes of children with specific language impairment, pragmatic language impairment and autism

Evidence that some children also develop autistic symptomatology over time has raised suggestions that developmental language disorder...

Qualitative aspects of developmental language impairment relate to language and literacy outcome in adulthood

Developmental language disorder is a heterogeneous diagnostic category. Little research has compared the long-term outcomes of children with different...

Hemispheric division of function is the result of independent probabilistic biases

Causal theories propose that functional asymmetry is an obligatory pattern of organisation, while statistical theories maintain this is a reflection...

Friendship, loneliness and depression in adolescents with Asperger's Syndrome

This study investigated the relation between friendship, loneliness and depressive symptoms in adolescents with Asperger's Syndrome (AS).

Differentiating between childhood communication disorders: Implications for language and psychosocial outcomes

Differentiating between childhood communication disorders: Implications for language and psychosocial outcomes

Cerebral dominance for language function in adults with specific language impairment or autism

A link between developmental language disorders and atypical cerebral lateralization has been postulated since the 1920s, but evidence has been indirect and...

Do children with autism 'switch off' to speech sounds? An investigation using event-related potentials

Autism is a disorder characterized by a core impairment in social behaviour. A prominent component of this social deficit is poor orienting to speech.

Autism and diagnostic substitution: Evidence from a study of adults with a history of developmental language disorder

Rates of diagnosis of autism have risen since 1980, raising the question of whether some children who previously had other diagnoses are now being diagnosed...

The recruitment and retention of Speech and Language Therapists: What do university students find important?

The increasing need for speech and language therapy (SLT) services, coupled with poor employment retention rates, poses serious cost-benefit considerations.

The broader language phenotype of Autism: A comparison with Specific Language Impairment

Some individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) experience linguistic difficulties similar to those found in individuals with specific language...

Evidence against poor semantic encoding in individuals with autism

This article tests the hypothesis that individuals with autism poorly encode verbal information to the semantic level of processing, instead paying greater...