Head, Infectious Disease Implementation
BMBS DTMH GDipClinEpid PhD FRACP
Professor Tom Snelling is Head of the Infectious Disease Implementation research team at Telethon Kids Institute's Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Diseases, and a NHMRC Career Development Fellow.
His research addresses the implementation of health policy and clinical practice, in particular the evaluation of vaccination and other public health strategies to minimise the burden of childhood infectious diseases. This work integrates clinical trials with case-control and cohort studies and disease modelling. His current work is investigating how best to prevent and treat gastroenteritis, pneumonia, pertussis and other lower respiratory infections, and congenital rubella. Tom was awarded a Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF) grant from NHMRC earlier this year and leads this Bayesian Evidence-Adaptive Trial to optimise management of cystic fibrosis.
His work has a strong focus on Aboriginal and international child health. He is also investigating the safety of vaccination in early childhood.
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Projects
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Publications
November 2015
Whither pertussis?
This article discusses the rising prevalence of pertussis disease in countries which have switched to acellular vaccines.
Published research Whooping Cough Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchOctober 2015Real-time safety surveillance of seasonal influenza vaccines in children, Australia, 2015
This paper reports the results from the safety surveillance of influenza vaccines in children in Australia, in 2015.
Published research Immunisation Influenza Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchFebruary 2015Impact of high coverage of monovalent human rotavirus vaccine on Emergency Department presentations for rotavirus gastroenteritis
The program was associated with a substantial decline in rotavirus attributable non-admitted AGE presentations to ED among children aged <5 years.
Published research Immunisation Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchMarch 2023among children with pneumonia using a causal Bayesian network
Pneumonia remains a leading cause of hospitalization and death among young children worldwide, and the diagnostic challenge of differentiating bacterial from non-bacterial pneumonia is the main driver of antibiotic use for treating pneumonia in children. Causal Bayesian networks (BNs) serve as powerful tools for this problem as they provide clear maps of probabilistic relationships between variables and produce results in an explainable way by incorporating both domain expert knowledge and numerical data.
Infectious Disease Implementation Research Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Vaccine Trials Group Subsite: Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Bacterial Respiratory Infectious Disease GroupMarch 2023Modeling COVID-19 disease processes by remote elicitation of causal Bayesian networks from medical experts
COVID-19 is a new multi-organ disease causing considerable worldwide morbidity and mortality. While many recognized pathophysiological mechanisms are involved, their exact causal relationships remain opaque. Better understanding is needed for predicting their progression, targeting therapeutic approaches, and improving patient outcomes. While many mathematical causal models describe COVID-19 epidemiology, none have described its pathophysiology.
Published research Infectious Diseases Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Subsite: Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases COVID-19February 2023The AuTOMATIC trial: a study protocol for a multi-arm Bayesian adaptive randomised controlled trial of text messaging to improve childhood immunisation coverage
While most Australian children are vaccinated, delays in vaccination can put them at risk from preventable infections. Widespread mobile phone ownership in Australia could allow automated short message service (SMS) reminders to be used as a low-cost strategy to effectively 'nudge' parents towards vaccinating their children on time.
Published research Infectious Disease Implementation Research Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Subsite: Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious DiseasesDecember 2014Characterization of G2P[4] rotavirus strains causing outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the Northern Territory, Australia, in 1999, 2004 and 2009
Outbreaks of rotavirus diarrhea cause a large disease burden in the Alice Springs region of the Northern Territory, Australia.
Published research Immunisation Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchNovember 2014Prevalence and determinants of influenza vaccine coverage at tertiary pediatric hospitals
This study aimed to examine the uptake of influenza vaccination amongst a cohort of Australian children and factors associated with vaccine acceptance.
Published research Influenza Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchNovember 2014Management of invasive group A streptococcal infections
Invasive group A streptococcal disease in children includes deep soft tissue infection, bacteraemia, bacteraemic pneumonia, meningitis and osteomyelitis
Published research Infectious Disease Implementation Research Group A Streptococcal & Rheumatic Heart DiseaseOctober 2014Parental Tdap boosters and infant pertussis: a case-control study
Case households had fewer immunized mothers (22% vs 32%) or fathers (20% vs 31%) but were more likely to include additional and older children. After...
Published research Immunisation Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchAugust 2014Waning vaccine immunity in teenagers primed with whole cell and acellular pertussis vaccine: Recent epidemiology
The recent epidemics of pertussis (whooping cough) in parts of the USA and Australia have led to the largest numbers of annual cases reported in over half a...
Published research Whooping Cough Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchAugust 2014Assessing the effect of meningitis prevention and treatment.
In high-income countries serious bacterial infections such as meningitis are uncommon, but their severity has led to prompt adoption of vaccines for...
Published research Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchJune 2014Nitazoxanide for the treatment of infectious diarrhoea in the Northern Territory, Australia 2007-2012
This paper examines the use of a new antibiotic to treat diarrhoea cause by Cryptosporidium infection in Australian Indigenous children.
Published research Aboriginal Health Infectious Disease Implementation Research Group A Streptococcal & Rheumatic Heart DiseaseFebruary 2014Duration of protection after first dose of acellular pertussis vaccine in infants
Without a booster dose, the effectiveness of 3 doses waned more rapidly from 2 to 4 years of age than previously documented for children >6 years of age who...
Published research Immunisation Whooping Cough Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchJanuary 2014Effectiveness of Palivizumab in Preventing RSV Hospitalization in High Risk Children: A Real-World Perspective
This review supports the recommended use of palivizumab for reducing RSV-associated hospitalisation rates in premature babies born at gestational age <33 weeks.
Published research Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchJanuary 2014Characterization of a G1P[8] rotavirus causing an outbreak of gastroenteritis in the Northern Territory, Australia, in the vaccine era
In 2010, a large outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis occurred in the Alice Springs region of the Northern Territory, Australia.
Published research Immunisation Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchDecember 2022The Impact of a Multifaceted Tertiary Pediatric Hospital's Antimicrobial Stewardship Service
Antimicrobials are the most commonly prescribed drug class in children. Overuse through inappropriate prescribing is a key driver of antimicrobial resistance and is recognized as one of the top 10 threats to global health by the World Health Organization.
Published research Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation Research Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Subsite: Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Healthy Skin and ARF PreventionMarch 2022Pertussis Disease and Antenatal Vaccine Effectiveness in Australian Children
Population-level studies of severe pertussis extending beyond infancy are sparse, and none in the context of antenatal vaccination. We compared hospitalized pertussis cases from birth to 15 years of age before and after introduction of antenatal immunization.
Published research Immunisation Whooping Cough Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation Research Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Vaccine Trials GroupJanuary 2022Pertussis burden and acellular pertussis vaccine effectiveness in high risk children
Pertussis hospitalisation is more common among infants born prematurely, who have significant comorbidities, or are Indigenous, but acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates in these sub-groups are lacking. We measured aP VE by Indigenous status, and policy-relevant categories of prematurity and comorbidity, in a population-based Australian cohort.
Published research Early Childhood Development Immunisation Whooping Cough Infectious Diseases EpidemiologyAugust 2022Prevalence of respiratory viruses in community-acquired pneumonia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Respiratory viruses are increasingly detected in children with community-acquired pneumonia but prevalence estimates vary substantially. We aimed to systematically review and pool estimates for 22 viruses commonly associated with community-acquired pneumonia.
Published research Influenza Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Vaccine Trials Group Subsite: Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Immune system Respiratory viral infectionsAugust 2022Urinary tract infections in children: building a causal model-based decision support tool for diagnosis with domain knowledge and prospective data
Diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children in the emergency department (ED) is challenging due to the variable clinical presentations and difficulties in obtaining a urine sample free from contamination.
Published research Infectious Disease Implementation Research Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Subsite: Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Healthy Skin and ARF PreventionMarch 2021Core Outcome Measures for Trials in People With Coronavirus Disease 2019: Respiratory Failure, Multiorgan Failure, Shortness of Breath, and Recovery
Respiratory failure, multiple organ failure, shortness of breath, recovery, and mortality have been identified as critically important core outcomes by more than 9300 patients, health professionals, and the public from 111 countries in the global coronavirus disease 2019 core outcome set initiative. The aim of this project was to establish the core outcome measures for these domains for trials in coronavirus disease 2019. Three online consensus workshops were convened to establish outcome measures for the four core domains of respiratory failure, multiple organ failure, shortness of breath, and recovery.
Published research Infectious Diseases Subsite: Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious DiseasesDecember 2021Pertussis immunisation in infancy and atopic outcomes: A protocol for a population-based cohort study using linked administrative data
The burden of IgE-mediated food allergy in Australian born children is reported to be among the highest globally. This illness shares risk factors and frequently coexists with asthma, one of the most common noncommunicable diseases of childhood.
Asthma Published research Infectious Disease Implementation Research Vaccine Trials Group Food Allergy AllergyFebruary 2021Topical versus systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media
Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), sometimes referred to as chronic otitis media (COM), is a chronic inflammation and often polymicrobial infection (involving more than one micro-organism) of the middle ear and mastoid cavity, characterised by ear discharge (otorrhoea) through a perforated tympanic membrane. The predominant symptoms of CSOM are ear discharge and hearing loss. Antibiotics are the most common treatment for CSOM, which act to kill or inhibit the growth of micro-organisms that may be responsible for the infection.
Published research Ear Infections Ear Health Subsite: Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious DiseasesSeptember 2021Whole-cell pertussis vaccine in early infancy for the prevention of allergy in children
Atopic diseases are the most common chronic conditions of childhood. The apparent rise in food anaphylaxis in young children over the past three decades is of particular concern, owing to the lack of proven prevention strategies other than the timely introduction of peanut and egg.
Published research Early Childhood Development Immunisation Human Immunology Ear Health Infectious Disease Implementation Research Vaccine Trials Group Subsite: Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Allergy Immune systemSeptember 2021Whole‐cell pertussis vaccine in early infancy for the prevention of allergy in children
Atopic diseases are the most common chronic conditions of childhood. The apparent rise in food anaphylaxis in young children over the past three decades is of particular concern, owing to the lack of proven prevention strategies other than the timely introduction of peanut and egg.
Published research Whooping Cough Human Immunology Ear Health Infectious Disease Implementation Research Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Vaccine Trials GroupJune 2021Bridging the gaps in test interpretation of SARS-CoV-2 through Bayesian network modelling
In the absence of an established gold standard, an understanding of the testing cycle from individual exposure to test outcome report is required to guide the correct interpretation of SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results and optimise the testing processes.
Published research Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation Research Subsite: Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases COVID-19December 2020OPTIMUM study protocol: an adaptive randomised controlled trial of a mixed whole-cell/acellular pertussis vaccine schedule
Combination vaccines containing whole-cell pertussis antigens were phased out from the Australian national immunisation programme between 1997 and 1999 and replaced by the less reactogenic acellular pertussis (aP) antigens. In a large case-control study of Australian children born during the transition period, those with allergist diagnosed IgE-mediated food allergy were less likely to have received whole-cell vaccine in early infancy than matched population controls (OR: 0.77 (95% CI, 0.62 to 0.95)). We hypothesise that a single dose of whole-cell vaccine in early infancy is protective against IgE-mediated food allergy.
Published research Human Immunology Vaccine Trials Group Subsite: Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious DiseasesNovember 2020Predictors of hospital readmission in infants less than 3 months old
To examine rates and predictors of 7-day readmission in infants hospitalised before 3 months of age with infectious and non-infectious conditions. A retrospective population-based data-linkage study of 121 854 infants from a 5-year metropolitan birth cohort (2008-2012). Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine associations between infant and maternal factors with 7-day readmission.
Published research Infectious Diseases Vaccine Trials Group Subsite: Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious DiseasesOctober 2020RSV prophylaxis use in high-risk infants in Western Australia, 2002-2013: a record linkage cohort study
The monoclonal antibody, palivizumab is licensed for use in high-risk infants to prevent severe illness caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The level of its use and compliance with current jurisdictional guidelines which were amended in 2010, is unknown.
Published research Allergy & Infectious Diseases Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Vaccine Trials GroupOctober 2020A platform in the use of medicines to treat chronic hepatitis C (PLATINUM C): protocol for a prospective treatment registry of real-world outcomes for hepatitis C
Safe, highly curative, short course, direct acting antiviral (DAA) therapies are now available to treat chronic hepatitis C. DAA therapy is freely available to all adults chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Australia. If left untreated, hepatitis C may lead to progressive hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Published research Infectious Diseases Allergy & Infectious Diseases Subsite: Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious DiseasesSeptember 2020Retrospective Case-Control Study of 2017 G2P[4] Rotavirus Epidemic in Rural and Remote Australia
A widespread G2P[4] rotavirus epidemic in rural and remote Australia provided an opportunity to evaluate the performance of Rotarix and RotaTeq rotavirus vaccines, ten years after their incorporation into Australia's National Immunisation Program.
Published research Immunisation Infectious Diseases Allergy & Infectious DiseasesAugust 2020Infant, maternal and demographic predictors of delayed vaccination: A population-based cohort study
Receiving vaccines at or close to their due date (vaccination timeliness) is a now key measure of program performance. However, studies comprehensively examining predictors of delayed infant vaccination are lacking. We aimed to identify predictors of short and longer-term delays in diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccination by dose number and ethnicity.
Published research Immunisation Infectious Diseases Vaccine Trials Group Subsite: Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious DiseasesJuly 2020Predicting the causative pathogen among children with osteomyelitis using Bayesian networks – improving antibiotic selection in clinical practice
We have demonstrated the potential use of Bayesian Networks in improving antibiotic selection for children with osteomyelitis
Published research Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation Research Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Healthy Skin and ARF PreventionJuly 2020Nasopharyngeal density of respiratory viruses in childhood pneumonia in a highly vaccinated setting: findings from a case-control study
Detection of pneumonia-causing respiratory viruses in the nasopharynx of asymptomatic children has made their actual contribution to pneumonia unclear. We compared nasopharyngeal viral density between children with and without pneumonia to understand if viral density could be used to diagnose pneumonia.
Published research Infectious Diseases Vaccine Trials Group Subsite: Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious DiseasesJuly 2020Whole-cell pertussis vaccine in early infancy for the prevention of allergy
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives were to assess the efficacy and safety of whole‐cell pertussis (wP) vaccinations in comparison to acellular pertussis (aP) vaccinations in early infancy for the prevention of atopic diseases in children.
Asthma Published research Whooping Cough Infectious Diseases Human Immunology Ear Health Vaccine Trials Group Subsite: Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious DiseasesJune 2020Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccination and Decreased Risk of IgE-Mediated Food Allergy: A Nested Case-Control Study
Australian infants who received whole-cell pertussis vaccines were less likely to be diagnosed with food allergy in childhood
Published research Immunisation Human Immunology Infectious Disease Implementation Research Vaccine Trials Group Food AllergyMay 2020Feasibility and acceptability of the multi-component P3-MumBubVax antenatal intervention to promote maternal and childhood vaccination: A pilot study
The P3-MumBubVax intervention is feasible and acceptable in the Australian public antenatal setting
Published research Immunisation Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchMay 2020FeBRILe3 Project: protocol for a prospective study and safety evaluation assessing Fever, Blood cultures and Readiness for discharge in Infants Less than 3 months old
Assess the safety and impact of the introduction of a guideline recommending early discharge of infants with fever without source at low risk of serious bacterial infection
Published research Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchMay 2020Safety of live attenuated herpes zoster vaccine in adults 70–79 years: A self-controlled case series analysis using primary care data
No new safety concerns were identified for live attenuated herpes zoster vaccine in this study based on a novel, Australian primary care data source
Published research Immunisation Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchMay 202010-Valent pneumococcal non-typeable H. influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine versus 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) as a booster dose
18 months of age infants receiving 10-valent pneumococcal Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine will have higher antibody levels
March 2020Timeliness of signal detection for adverse events following influenza vaccination in young children: a simulation case study
Active vaccine safety surveillance leading to rapid detection of a safety signal would likely have resulted in earlier suspension of Fluvax from the vaccination programme
Published research Academic Biostatistics Immunisation Influenza Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation Research Infectious Diseases EpidemiologyFebruary 2020Birth outcomes in Aboriginal mother–infant pairs from the Northern Territory, Australia, who received 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccination during pregnancy
We found a numerically higher rate of preterm births among women who received 23vPPV in pregnancy compared to unvaccinated pregnant women
Published research Immunisation Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchMarch 2019Trial refresh: A case for an adaptive platform trial for pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis
This review will discuss the necessary steps required for a Bayesian adaptive platform trial to optimize treatment of pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis
Cystic Fibrosis Published research Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchMarch 2019The contribution of viruses and bacteria to community-acquired pneumonia in vaccinated children: A case - Control study
Respiratory viruses, particularly respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus, are major contributors to pneumonia in Australian children
Published research Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation Research Vaccine Trials Group Bacterial Respiratory Infectious Disease GroupFebruary 2019Perinatal Risk Factors Associated With Gastroenteritis Hospitalizations in Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Children in Western Australia (2000-2012)
Given the beneficial effect of infant rotavirus vaccination efforts should be taken to optimize rotavirus vaccine coverage in those at highest risk
Published research Academic Biostatistics Infectious Diseases Ear Health Infectious Disease Implementation Research Infectious Diseases EpidemiologyJanuary 2019Baseline incidence of adverse birth outcomes and infant influenza and pertussis hospitalisations prior to the introduction of influenza and pertussis vaccination
These baseline data are essential to assess the safety and effectiveness of influenza and pertussis vaccinations in pregnant women from the NT
Published research Immunisation Influenza Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchNovember 2019Choosing primary endpoints for clinical trials of health care interventions
This narrative review describes the evolution, range and relative strengths and weaknesses of endpoints used in late phase trials
Published research Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchNovember 2019Effectiveness of Palivizumab against Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Cohort and Case Series Analysis
Palivizumab appeared effective for reducing virologically confirmed respiratory syncytial virus in this high-risk cohort
Published research Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation Research Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Vaccine Trials Group Neonatal HealthNovember 2019An introduction to clinical trial design
This manuscript will give a brief overview of clinical trial design including the strengths and limitations of various approaches
Published research Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchOctober 2019Effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against hospital admissions for pneumonia in Australian children
Reductions in pneumonia-coded hospital admissions in unvaccinated children predominated in non-Aboriginal children with low incidence of pneumonia
Published research Academic Biostatistics Immunisation Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation Research Infectious Diseases EpidemiologySeptember 2019Timeliness and factors associated with rotavirus vaccine uptake among Australian Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children: A record linkage cohort study
Aboriginal children are at greater risk of rotavirus disease than non-Aboriginal children and delayed vaccine receipt is substantially higher
Published research Academic Biostatistics Immunisation Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation Research Infectious Diseases EpidemiologySeptember 2019Effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines in an Australian population: A case-control study
RV1 and RV5 were both effective in preventing laboratory confirmed and notified rotavirus infections among children aged <5 years
Published research Immunisation Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation Research Infectious Diseases EpidemiologyAugust 2019Discrete choice experiment to evaluate preferences of patients with cystic fibrosis among alternative treatment-related health outcomes: A protocol
The aim of this study is to identify and quantify the preferences of patients with cystic fibrosis regarding treatment outcomes
Cystic Fibrosis Published research Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchAugust 2019Influenza vaccination in pregnancy among a group of remote dwelling Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mothers in the Northern Territory
We examined uptake of inactivated influenza vaccination in pregnancy and report adverse birth outcomes amongst a predominantly unvaccinated group
Immunisation InfluenzaJuly 2019RD-RAP: Beyond rare disease patient registries, devising a comprehensive data and analytic framework
We introduce and describe the concept of a Rare Disease Registry and Analytics Platform
Published research Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchJuly 2019Agreement between units of measure for paediatric antibiotic utilisation surveillance using hospital pharmacy supply data
Agreement between the DDD and vial-based measures of use supports the use of DDD for select antibiotics that may be targeted by antimicrobial stewardship programs
Published research Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchJune 2019Links2HealthierBubs' cohort study: Protocol for a study on the safety, uptake and effectiveness of influenza and pertussis vaccines among pregnant Australian women
Multi-jurisdictional cohort of mother-infant pairs to measure the uptake, safety and effectiveness of antenatal IIV and dTpa vaccines in three Australian jurisdictions
Published research Academic Biostatistics Immunisation Influenza Whooping Cough Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchMay 2019Impact of influenza on hospitalization rates in children with a range of chronic lung diseases
This large population-based study suggests a significant healthcare burden associated with influenza in children with a range of chronic lung diseases
Published research Influenza Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchApril 2019Identification of the determinants of incomplete vaccination in Australian children
Most parents are supportive of vaccination. Sociodemographic factors may contribute more to the risk of incomplete vaccination than attitudes or beliefs.
Immunisation Infectious Disease Implementation Research Professional StaffApril 2019Combination of clinical symptoms and blood biomarkers can improve discrimination between bacterial or viral community-acquired pneumonia in children
Combining elevated CRP with the presence or absence of clinical signs/ symptoms differentiates definite bacterial from presumed viral pneumonia better than CRP alone
Published research Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation Research Vaccine Trials Group Bacterial Respiratory Infectious Disease GroupApril 2019Research Note: Adaptive trials
This Research Note has explored the strengths, risks and potential complexity of adaptive trials
Published research Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchApril 2019Factors associated with adherence to antimicrobial stewardship after-hours
Restricted antimicrobials acquired after-hours are not routinely antimicrobial stewardship adherent at the time of acquisition or the next standard working day
Published research Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchOctober 2018Active surveillance of 2017 seasonal influenza vaccine safety: An observational cohort study of individuals aged 6 months and older in Australia
AusVaxSafety surveillance demonstrated comparable and expected safety outcomes for the 2017 quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine brands used in Australia
Published research Immunisation Influenza Infectious Disease Implementation Research Infectious Diseases EpidemiologyOctober 2018Midwives’ attitudes, beliefs and concerns about childhood vaccination: A review of the global literature
The majority of midwives supported vaccination, although a spectrum of beliefs and concerns emerged
Published research Immunisation Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchOctober 2018Sharing knowledge about immunisation (SKAI): An exploration of parents' communication needs to inform development of a clinical communication support intervention
The Sharing Knowledge About Immunisation project aims to develop effective communication tools to support primary health care providers' consultations with parents
Published research Immunisation Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchOctober 2018Hesitant compliers': Qualitative analysis of concerned fully-vaccinating parents
Parents interpreted pivotal vaccine-related events in the community as requiring them to take personal responsibility for vaccine decisions
Published research Immunisation Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchJune 2018Topical versus systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media
To assess the relative effectiveness of topical versus systemic antibiotics for people with chronic suppurative otitis media
Published research Ear Infections Ear Health Infectious Disease Implementation Research Vaccine Trials GroupJune 2018Assessment of on-time vaccination coverage in population subgroups: A record linkage cohort study
On-time coverage of the 2-4-6 month schedule is only 50-60% across specific population subgroups representing a significant avoidable public health risk
Published research Academic Biostatistics Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation Research Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Vaccine Trials GroupMay 2018The influence of incomplete case ascertainment on measures of vaccine efficacy
A biologically active vaccine may produce a low measured vaccine efficacy under a range of epidemiological, vaccine-related and logistical conditions
Published research Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchMay 2018Effectiveness of a 3 + 0 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedule against invasive pneumococcal disease among a birth cohort of 1.4 million children in Australia
Our population-based cohort study demonstrates that >90% coverage in the first year of a universal 3 + 0 PCV program provided high population-level protection
Published research Academic Biostatistics Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation Research Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Vaccine Trials GroupApril 2018Paediatric antimicrobial stewardship and safe prescribing: An assessment of medical staff knowledge and behaviour
Participants demonstrated a good understanding of safe prescribing and antimicrobial stewardship
Published research Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchMarch 2018Role of viral and bacterial pathogens in causing pneumonia among Western Australian children: A case-control study protocol
We aim to determine the contribute of bacteria and virus to childhood CAP to inform further development of effective strategies.
Published research Infectious Disease Implementation Research Vaccine Trials Group Bacterial Respiratory Infectious Disease GroupFebruary 2018The NICE-GUT trial protocol: A randomised, placebo controlled trial of oral nitazoxanide for the empiric treatment of acute gastroenteritis among Australian Aboriginal children
Diarrhoeal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under 5 years globally, killing 525 000 annually. Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereafter Aboriginal) children suffer a high burden of disease.
Published research Infectious Disease Implementation Research Group A Streptococcal & Rheumatic Heart DiseaseJanuary 2018Protocol for Pertussis Immunisation and Food Allergy (PIFA): a case-control study of the association between pertussis vaccination in infancy
We therefore speculate that removal of wP from the vaccine schedule contributed to the observed rise in IgE-mediated food allergy among Australian infants
Published research Whooping Cough Infectious Disease Implementation Research Vaccine Trials Group Food AllergyApril 2017Population-based estimates of the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in Australia
Australia’s Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR) is one of only a handful of national immunisation registers world-wide.
Published research Human ImmunologyJune 2017Nurses are underutilised in antimicrobial stewardship - Results of a multisite survey in paediatric and adult hospitals
Nurses consider antimicrobial stewardship activities within their roles, but are underutilised in antimicrobial stewardship programs
Published research Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchSeptember 2017Comprehending the Health Informatics Spectrum: Grappling with System Entropy and Advancing Quality Clinical Research
We outline three scenarios from across the health spectrum where issues with health informatics are exemplified.
Published research Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchSeptember 2017Predictors of pneumococcal carriage and the effect of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination the Western Australian Aboriginal population
The PCV7 was introduced to prevent IPD in WA Aboriginal people in 2001 to a lesser extent in older people.
Published research Ear Health Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchSeptember 2017Probabilistic linkage of national immunisation and state-based health records for a cohort of 1.9 million births to evaluate Australia’s childhood immunisation program
To describe the process for assembling a linked study that will enable the conduct of population-based studies related to immunisation and immunisation policy.
Published research Academic Biostatistics Infectious Disease Implementation Research Infectious Diseases EpidemiologySeptember 2017Dose-Banding of Intravenous Piperacillin-Tazobactam in Pediatric Surgical Inpatients
Dosing errors are the most commonly reported medication error in children. Dosing is often prescribed per weight or based on body area.
Published research Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchOctober 2017A 15-Year Old Burmese Girl With Hemoptysis: A Case Report
A 15 year old girl, born in Hakha, Myanmar, presented with 2 months of intermittent hemoptysis 3 years after immigrating to Australia, via Malaysia.
Published research Infectious Disease Implementation Research Group A Streptococcal & Rheumatic Heart Disease Healthy Skin and ARF PreventionNovember 2017Paediatrician beliefs and practices around influenza vaccination
We aimed to determine Australian paediatricians' beliefs and practices around the influenza vaccination of children.
Published research Influenza Vaccine Trials GroupNovember 2017Association between respiratory syncytial viral disease and the subsequent risk of the first episode of severe asthma in different subgroups of high-risk Australian children: a whole-of-population-based cohort study
To determine the contribution of RSV to the subsequent development of severe asthma in different subgroups of children at risk of severe RSV disease.
Asthma Published research Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchDecember 2017Advances in Vaccines to Prevent Viral Respiratory Illnesses in Children
Childhood vaccination has played a critical role in the reduction of morbidity and mortality from communicable diseases, including specific respiratory pathogens
Published research Infectious Disease Implementation Research Group A Streptococcal & Rheumatic Heart Disease Vaccine Trials GroupNovember 2016Informing rubella vaccination strategies in East Java, Indonesia through transmission modelling
A single dose of rubella vaccine will take longer to reduce the burden of rubella and will be less robust to lower vaccine coverage
Published research Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchJuly 2016Transiently increased IgE responses in infants and pre-schoolers receiving only (DTaP) vaccines compared to those initially receiving at least one dose of DTwP vaccine
Confirm the generalised IgE-trophic activity of the DTaP vaccine in pre-schoolers and demonstrate similar (albeit transient) effects in infants
Published research Academic Biostatistics Immunisation Human Immunology Infectious Disease Implementation Research Group A Streptococcal & Rheumatic Heart Disease Vaccine Trials GroupJune 2016Risk factors associated with RSV hospitalisation in the first 2 years of life, among different subgroups of children in NSW
Data on risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated hospitalisation in Australian children may be informative for preventive measures.
Published research Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchJune 2016High burden of RSV hospitalization in very young children: a data linkage study
RSV was associated with substantial burden of childhood hospitalization specifically in children aged <3 months and in Indigenous children and pre-term children
Published research Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchJune 2016Australian trachoma surveillance annual report, 2013
National Trachoma Surveillance and Reporting Unit to collate, analyse and report trachoma prevalence data and document trachoma control strategies in Australia
Published research Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation ResearchJanuary 2016Respiratory syncytial virus is present in the neonatal intensive care unit
The results suggest that though the risk for RSV in the NICU remains low, personnel clothing are contaminated with RSV-RNA and may have a role in transmission
Published research Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Implementation Research -
Education and Qualifications
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