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        Genome-wide association study identifies peanut allergy-specific loci and evidence of epigenetic mediation in US children

        Food allergy (FA) affects 2%-10% of US children and is a growing clinical and public health problem. ...

        Research

        Environmental microbial exposure and protection against asthma

        This article looks at the clinical implications of the research into microbial exposure & protection against asthma. ...

        Research

        Timing of routine infant vaccinations and risk of food allergy and eczema at one year of age

        There was no overall association between delayed DTaP and food allergy; however, children with delayed DTaP had less eczema and less use of eczema medication ...

        Research

        Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization of the nasopharynx is associated with increased severity during respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children.

        The present study aimed to clarify the effect of viral and bacterial co-detections on disease severity during paediatric ARI. ...

        Research

        Asthma is responsible for considerable global morbidity and health-care costs. Substantial progress was made against key outcomes such as hospital admissions with asthma and mortality in the 1990s and early 2000s, but little improvement has been observed

        We aim to provide our view of where we are and where we need to go as a community of clinicians and researchers who tackle the public health problem of asthma. ...

        Research

        European and multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of atopic dermatitis highlights importance of systemic immune regulation

        Atopic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin condition and prior genome-wide association studies have identified 71 associated loci. In the current study we conducted the largest AD GWAS to date combining previously reported cohorts with additional available data. ...

        Research

        Rhinoviruses A and C elicit long-lasting antibody responses with limited cross-neutralization

        Rhinoviruses (RVs) can cause severe wheezing illnesses in young children and patients with asthma. Vaccine development has been hampered by the multitude of RV types with little information about cross-neutralization. We previously showed that neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses to RV-C are detected twofold to threefold more often than those to RV-A throughout childhood. Based on those findings, we hypothesized that RV-C infections are more likely to induce either cross-neutralizing or longer-lasting antibody responses compared with RV-A infections. ...

        Research

        Time spent outdoors through childhood and adolescence - assessed by 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration - and risk of myopia at 20 years

        To investigate the relationship between time spent outdoors, at particular ages in childhood and adolescence, and myopia status in young adulthood using serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration as a biomarker of time spent outdoors. Participants of the Raine Study Generation 2 cohort had 25(OH)D concentrations measured at the 6-, 14-, 17- and 20-year follow-ups. Participants underwent cycloplegic autorefraction at age 20 years, and myopia was defined as a mean spherical equivalent -0.50 dioptres or more myopic. Logistic regression was used to analyse the association between risk of myopia at age 20 years and age-specific 25(OH)D concentrations. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyse trajectory of 25(OH)D concentrations from 6 to 20 years. ...

        Research

        Whole-cell pertussis vaccine in early infancy for the prevention of allergy

        This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives were to assess the efficacy and safety of whole‐cell pertussis (wP) vaccinations in comparison to acellular pertussis (aP) vaccinations in early infancy for the prevention of atopic diseases in children. ...

        Research

        Interaction between filaggrin mutations and neonatal cat exposure in atopic dermatitis

        Recent birth cohort studies showed a significant interaction between cat ownership at birth and mutations in FLG on the development of early‐onset atopic dermatitis ...

        Research

        Primary prevention of severe lower respiratory illnesses in at-risk infants using the immunomodulator OM-85

        The effects of OM-85 were strongest in the first winter season, with a trend for fewer children in the OM-85 group to have sLRIs and URIs ...

        Research

        Genome-wide association analysis identifies 11 risk variants associated with the asthma with hay fever phenotype

        Previous analyses of family data from the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study provide evidence that this phenotype has a stronger genetic cause than asthma... ...

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