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        Research

        T-cell activation genes differentially expressed at birth in CD4+ T-cells from children who develop IgE food allergy

        To show underlying mechanisms, we examined differences in T-cell gene expression in samples at birth and at 1 year in children with and without IgE allergy. ...

        Research

        The relationship between maternal folate status in pregnancy, cord blood folate levels, and allergic outcomes in early childhood

        This study examined whether maternal and/or fetal folate status in pregnancy is associated with infant allergic outcomes. ...

        Research

        Rates and types of hospitalisations for children who have subsequent contact with the child protection system

        To determine whether children who have child maltreatment allegation or substantiation have a higher rate of general hospital admissions and injury ...

        Research

        Metagenomic Characterisation of the Gut Microbiome and Effect of Complementary Feeding on Bifidobacterium spp. in Australian Infants

        Complementary feeding induces dramatic ecological shifts in the infant gut microbiota toward more diverse compositions and functional metabolic capacities, with potential implications for immune and metabolic health. The aim of this study was to examine whether the age at which solid foods are introduced differentially affects the microbiota in predominantly breastfed infants compared with predominantly formula-fed infants.  ...

        Research

        Pediatric Burn Survivors Have Long-Term Immune Dysfunction With Diminished Vaccine Response

        Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that survivors of acute burn trauma are at long-term increased risk of developing a range of morbidities. The mechanisms underlying this increased risk remain unknown. This study aimed to determine whether burn injury leads to sustained immune dysfunction that may underpin long-term morbidity. Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 36 pediatric burn survivors >3 years after a non-severe burn injury (<10% total body surface area) and from age/sex-matched non-injured controls. ...

        Research

        Analytical bias in the measurement of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in infants

        To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that the reported 25(OH)D concentration may be influenced by both age and assay type ...

        Research

        Lower Cord Blood IL-17 and IL-25, but Not Other Epithelial Cell-Derived Cytokines Are Associated with Atopic Dermatitis in Infancy

        There is a growing need for early biomarkers that may predict the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). As alterations in skin barrier may be a primary event in disease pathogenesis, epithelial cell (EC) cytokines expression patterns may be a potential biomarker in early life to target allergy preventive strategies towards "at-risk" infants. The aim of this longitudinal investigation was to examine from birth over the course of infancy levels of the EC cytokines: thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-33, IL-25, and IL-17 in infants at high-risk of AD due to maternal atopy. ...

        Research

        Maternal Fiber Dietary Intakes during Pregnancy and Infant Allergic Disease

        Maternal resistant starch consumption was differentially associated with infant phenotypes, with reduced risk of infant wheeze, but increased risk of eczema ...

        Research

        Circulating Epithelial Cell Cytokines Are Associated With Early-Onset Atopic Dermatitis

        Debbie Susan Palmer Prescott D SL BSc BND PhD MBBS BMedSci PhD FRACP Head, Early Life & Life-Course Health Program; Team Lead, Nutrition in Early ...

        Research

        Egg-sensitised infants have elevated CD4+ effector memory T regulatory cells from birth

        IgE-mediated sensitisation to egg is common in infants. In some cases, the processes leading to egg sensitisation are established in early life, even before introduction to solid foods. The underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.  ...

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